Pashtunwali and the FATA–Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Merger: Exploring Cultural Preservation Amid Mainstream Governance Transition

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17984345

Abstract

This research deals with the impact of Pashtunwali (i.e., a traditional code of life that guides morality and social fabric among Pashtuns) on public opinion in the wake of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA’s merger into KP following an amendment to Pakistan’s constitution. Analyzing a cross-sectional sample of 384 adults from Khyber and Kurram districts, we investigate the relationship between a nine-item index measuring Pashtunwali retention and an eight-item portmanteau perception index using chi-square, Kendal’s Tau-b, and subgroup analyses at the level of gender and age. The results indicate that cultural preservation generates positive attitudes toward the merger, which are best presented in a constructive programme that highlights hospitality and the prevention of its profane use (eg, dance parties), revival of local 'ritual' traditions, opposition to gun culture, and affirmation of relationships with settled Pashtun. Resistances are rooted in the association of badal (revenge) and poredak “as a challenge to nang (honour)”. The association is strongest for young adults (18-35), moderate for youth and middle-aged (36-55) adults, and doesn’t exist among seniors (56+). The paper recommends ADR using layered governance, “honor safe” development, and demilitarized civic stewardship in culturally appropriate ways so as to respect their power. These suggestions explore that institutional amendments receive greater acceptance when they are based on cultural systems.

Keywords: Pashtunwali, FATA merger, cultural preservation, governance, institutional transition